Hypatia was a mathematician, astronomer and Platonic philosopher. She was born in Alexandria, in Egypt, in 370 A.D. For many centuries she was the only woman scientist to have a place in the history book, interesting also as both female and pagan in a Christian environment.

Hypatia's father was director of Alexandria University, and he made sure his daughter had the best education available. She studied mathematics under his guidance and instruction. This was unusual, as most women then had few opportunities to study.

After studying in Athens and Rome, Hypatia returned to Alexandria where she began teaching mathematics. She soon became famous for her knowledge of new ideas. It is remarkable that Hypatia became head of the Platonist school at Alexandria in about 400 AD. There she lectured on mathematics and philosophy.

We have no copies of her books, but we know that she wrote several important mathematical works. Hypatia was also interested in technology and invented several scientific tools to help with her work.

At the time many rulers were afraid of science, and anyone connected with it was in danger. One day in March 415, a band of Christian monks attacked Hypatia in the street, beat her and dragged her to the church where they cut her with sharp tiles and burnt her body.

Charles Kingsley made her the heroine of one of his novels Hypatia, or New Foes with an Old Face. His work revived the legend of a not only intellectual, but also beautiful, eloquent and modest woman.

 

Vocabulary

Nouns (imenice):Verbs (glagoli):
century - vek
scientist - naučnik
environment - okruženje, okolina
education - obrazovanje
guidance - vođstvo
instruction - uputstvo
opportunity - prilika
knowledge - znanje
head - upravnik
tool - alat
ruler - vladar
danger - opasnost
band - grupa
tile - crep
heroine - junakinja
novel - roman
female - žena
pagan - paganin
monk - kaluđer, monah, opat		 make sure - pobrinuti se, osigurati se
return - vratiti se
begin - početi
become - postati
lecture - predavati, držati predavanja
invent - izumeti, izmisliti
attack - napasti
beat - pretući
drag - vuci, odvuci
cut - iseći, seći
burn - spaliti, zapaliti
revive - oživeti
Adjectives and adverbs
(pridevi i prilozi):		Prepositions and conjunctions
(predlozi i veznici):
unusual - neobičan
soon - uskoro
famous for - slavan po, poznat po
remarkable - izvanredno, izuzetno
important - važan
interested in - zainteresovan za
scientific - naučni
connected - povezan
intellectual - intelektualan, obrazovan
eloquent - elokventan
modest - skroman
available - dostupan
afraid of - uplašen od
sharp - oštar		 both...and- i...i
under - pod, ispod
not only...but - ne samo...već

 

Synonyms

Nouns (imenice):Verbs (glagoli):
scientist - researcher, inventor, technologist
environment - surrounding
education - teaching, schooling, coaching, learning
guidance – leadership, instruction
instruction – direction, guideline, brochure
opportunity – chance
knowledge – consciousness, recognition, awareness
head – chief, boss, manager, director
tool – means, device
ruler – leader, emperor or empress, king or queen, prince or princess
danger – risk, insecurity, jeopardy
band – musical group
tile – slab
female – woman, girl, lady
pagan – heathen, infidel, unbeliever, polytheist, idolater		 make sure - make a point
return - come back, go back
begin – start
become - develop into, be transformed into, grow into, change into, evolve into
lecture - teach
invent - create, make
attack – assault, strike
beat – hit, strike, punch
drag - draw, pull
burn - set on fire
revive – revitalize, restore, renew
Adjectives and adverbs
(pridevi i prilozi):		Prepositions and conjunctions
(predlozi i veznici):
unusual – odd, strange, extraordinary
soon – shortly
famous for - well-known, celebrated, notable, remarkable
remarkable - extraordinary, notable, outstanding, impressive, prominent,
important – significant, substantial, meaningful
scientific – echnological, technical, chemical, biological, empirical, factual
connected - linked, joined, related, associated
intellectual - scholarly, learned, academic
eloquent – effective, articulate, fluent, expressive
modest – simple, humble, ordinary
available – accessible, to hand, at hand
afraid of - scared, frightened, anxious, terrified
sharp – pointed 		 -

 

 

Antonyms

Nouns (imenice):Verbs (glagoli):

education - ignorance, destruction, neglect
instruction - question
opportunity - reality, truth
knowledge - ignorance, weakness, incompetence
head - employee, worker, bottom, end
ruler - commoner, subject
danger - calm, safety, peace, security, guard
band - individual, one
heroine - loser, hero
novel - non-fiction, truth
female - male, man
pagan - believer, Christian
monk - nun

make sure - overlook, miss, help, ignore, confuse, destroy
return - stay, depart, leave
begin - finish, end, cease, conclude, ruin, stop
become - remain, stagnate
lecture - be quiet, listen
invent - destroy, finish, fail, ruin
attack - protect, assist, guard, help, defend
beat - protect, aid, assist
drag - hurry, push, run, rush
burn - freeze, put out, aid, cool, help, wet,
revive - destroy, discourage, hurt, kill, ruin, upset
Adjectives and adverbs
(pridevi i prilozi):		Prepositions and conjunctions
(predlozi i veznici):

unusual - common, familiar, ordinary, regular, normal
soon - late, later, distant, far, never
famous for - unknown, ordinary, typical
remarkable -average, common, ordinary, typical
important - meaningless, insignificant
interested in -bored
scientific - artistic
eloquent - shy
modest - brave, arrogant, bold
available -occupied, limited
afraid of - brave, bold, courageous,e heroic, fearless
sharp - blunt, dull

under - above, higher, over
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