Present Perfect Tense (sadašnje svršeno vreme) se gradi od glagola TO HAVE u Present Simple Tense-u (prostom sadašnjem vremenu), tj. have/has i past participle-a (prošlog participa) glavnog glagola.

Prošli particip se kod pravilnih glagola gradi kada se na infinitiv doda nastavak –ed. Kod nepravilnih glagola prošli particip ima drugačiji oblik (tzv. treća kolona):

  • play – played
  • work – worked
  • sleep – slept

 

Potvrdni oblik 

                    Jednina (singular)                    Množina (plural)
I have (I've)worked – Ja sam radio We have (We've) worked – Mi smo radili
You have (You've)worked – Ti si radio You have (You've) worked – Vi ste radili
He has (He's)worked – On je radio
She has (She's) worked – Ona je radila
It has (It's) worked – Ono je radilo		 They have (They've) worked – Oni su radili

 

                    Jednina (singular)                    Množina (plural)
I have (I've) slept – Ja sam spavao We have slept (We've) – Mi smo spavali
You have (You've) slept – Ti si spavao You have slept (You've) – Vi ste spavali
He has slept (He's) – On je spavao
She has slept (She's) – Ona je spavala
It has slept (It's) – Ono je spavalo		 They have slept (They've) – Oni su spavali

 

Upitni oblik

Upitni oblik glagola u Present Perfect Tense-u (sadašnjem svršenom vremenu) se gradi inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomoćnog glagola TO HAVE (u sadašnjem vremenu) i lične zamenice. 

Upitni oblik – Yes/No questions 

                    Jednina (singular)                    Množina (plural)
Have I worked? – Da li sam ja radio? Have we worked? – Da li smo mi radili?
Have you worked? – Da li si ti radio? Have you worked? – Da li ste vi radili?
Has he worked? – Da li je on radio?
Has she worked? – Da li je ona radila?
Has it worked? – Da li je ono radilo?		 Have they worked? – Da li su oni radili?

 

Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način: 

Jednina (singular) Množina (plural)
Have I worked? – Yes, I have / No, I haven't Have we worked? - Yes, we have / No, we haven't.
Have you worked? – Yes, you have / No, you haven't Have you worked? – Yes you have / No, we haven't
Has he worked? – Yes, he has / No, he hasn't
Has she worked? – Yes, she has/ No, she hasn't
Has it worked? – Yes, it has / No, it hasn't		 Have they worked? –Yes, they have / No, they haven't.

 

 

Upitni oblik – Wh- questions 

                    Jednina (singular)                    Množina (plural)
Where have I worked? – Gde sam ja radio? Where have we worked? – Gde smo mi radili?
Where have you worked? – Gde si ti radio? Where have you worked? – Gde ste vi radili?
Where has he worked? – Gde je on radio?
Where has she worked? – Gde je ona radila?
Where has it worked? – Gde je ono radilo?		 Where have they worked? – Gde su oni radili?

 

Odrični oblik

Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog obika glagola Have (odnosno Has za treće lice jednine) i Past Participle-a glavnog glagola. 

Jednina (singular)Množina (plural)
I have not (haven't) worked – Ja nisam radio We have not (haven't) worked – Mi nismo radili
You have  not (haven`t) worked – Ti nisi radio You have not (haven't) worked – Vi niste radili
He has not (hasn't) worked – On nije radio
She has not (hasn't) work – Ona nije radila
It has not (hasn't) worked – Ono nije radilo		 They have not (haven't) worked – Oni nisu radili

 

Upotreba

Present Perfect Tense (sadašnje svršeno vreme) se koristi za:

  • Radnju koja je upravo završena, te se stoga uz njega često nalazi vremenska odrednica just (upravo). Ovaj prilog se nalazi između glagola TO HAVE i participa prošlog.
              o She has just gone out. - Ona je upravo izašla.
  • Radnju koja se desila u prošlosti u neko neodređeno vreme: 
              o I have travelled to America. - Putovao sam u Ameriku.
  • Prošlu radnju koja ima vidljive rezultate (posledice) u sadašnjosti.
              o The lift has broken down. We have to use the stairs. - Lift se pokvario. Moramo da idemo stepenicama.
              o I have washed the car. It looks lovely. - Oprao sam kola. Izgledaju odlično.
  • Za radnju koja kazuje neko životno iskustvo subjekta. U ovom značenju često se javljaju i prilozi ever (ikada) i never (nikad), koji se nalaze između glagola TO HAVE i participa prošlog.
              o He has never eaten Chinese food. - On nikada nije jeo kinesku hranu.
              o Have you ever been to France? - Da li si ikada bio u Francuskoj?
  • Za radnju koja se dogodila ranije nego što je očekivano. U tom smislu se upotrebljava prilog already (već) koji se nalazi između glagola TO HAVE i participa prošlog.
              o Jane: Tom, don't forget to post the letter. - Džejn: Tome, nemoj da zaboraviš da pošalješ pismo.
              o Tom: I've already posted it. - Tom: Ja sam ga već poslao.
  • Za očekivanu radnju. U tom smislu koristimo reč yet, koja se nekada ni ne prevodi, ali ima značenje «do sad», «do ovog trenutka», «još uvek». Ona se nalazi na kraju rečenice, i koristi se samo u odričnim i upinim rečenicama.
              o Has it stopped raining yet? - Da li je kiša prestala da pada?
              o I haven't done my homework yet. - Još uvek nisam uradio svoj domaći zadatak.
Dodaj komentar Sviđa mi se - (0) Ne sviđa mi se - (0)    

  • Present Perfect Tense 1
  • Present Perfect Tense 2